From Manhattan brownstones to Brooklyn commercial storefronts, masonry is one of the defining features of New York City architecture. But while brick, stone, and concrete are durable, they are far from immune to damage — especially on older NYC commercial buildings exposed to decades of weather, moisture, vibrations, and pollution.
Ignoring masonry issues can lead to serious structural problems, safety hazards, and costly emergency repairs. That’s why routine inspections and early intervention are so important.
In this guide, we break down the most common masonry problems found in older NYC commercial buildings, how to identify them, and the best methods for restoring them.
1. Brick Spalling — One of NYC’s Most Common Masonry Issues
What It Is
Brick spalling is when the brick surface begins to chip, flake, or break off. Older NYC buildings experience this frequently due to freeze-thaw cycles and moisture penetration.
Causes
- Water infiltration behind the brick
- Poor drainage
- Harsh winter freeze cycles
- Improper past repairs
- Salt damage from de-icing or coastal air
How to Identify It
- Flaking or breaking bricks
- Crumbling brick faces
- Areas of bulging walls
- Loose or powdery brick fragments near the base
Repair Solutions
Brick Tech’s approach includes:
- Removing damaged bricks
- Installing new matching brickwork
- Ensuring proper water sealing
- Correcting underlying drainage issues
We match colors and textures so repairs blend seamlessly into historic facades.
2. Mortar Joint Deterioration (Tuckpointing Needed)
What It Is
Mortar naturally erodes over time, leaving gaps where water can infiltrate.
Causes
- Age (many NYC buildings are 70–100+ years old)
- Pollution and acid rain
- Poor patchwork from previous repairs
- Movement or settling in the building
How to Identify It
- Cracked or missing mortar
- Dark gaps between bricks
- Crumbling or powdery mortar
- Noticeable drafts or moisture indoors
Repair Solutions (Repointing / Tuckpointing)
Brick Tech restores joints by:
- Grinding out deteriorated mortar
- Applying new mortar that matches the building
- Compacting joints for strength
- Sealing the surface for waterproofing
Proper repointing strengthens the entire wall structure and stops moisture infiltration.
3. Efflorescence — White Powdery Stains on Brick or Stone
What It Is
Efflorescence forms when water carries salt minerals to the surface of masonry. As the water evaporates, it leaves white, chalky deposits behind.
Causes
- Poor drainage
- Constant moisture absorption
- Leaks or damaged flashing
- Humidity inside the building
How to Identify It
- White powder on walls
- Streaks or chalky substance
- Damp indoor walls
Repair Solutions
Efflorescence is a sign of a moisture problem. Brick Tech addresses:
- Source of moisture
- Cleaning & sealing the masonry
- Repairing cracks, flashing, or roof connections
4. Bulging or Bowing Brick Walls — A Serious Safety Risk
What It Is
A wall that appears to be pushing outward or sagging inward is under structural stress.
Causes
- Water getting behind masonry
- Rusting steel supports expanding
- Inadequate tying systems
- Foundation movement
How to Identify It
- Curved, wavy, or leaning walls
- Cracks appearing in stair-step patterns
- Separation between brick layers
Repair Solutions
Brick Tech addresses underlying causes and reinforces the structure through:
- Wall stabilization
- Steel lintel replacement
- Rebuilding brick sections
- Waterproofing and sealing
This is one of the most critical masonry issues and should be repaired immediately.
5. Lintel & Shelf Angle Failure
What It Is
Lintels are steel supports above windows/doors. They rust over time, causing them to expand and push surrounding brick outward.
Causes
- Water penetration
- Lack of protective coatings
- Failed flashing
- Age-related corrosion
How to Identify It
- Cracks above windows and doors
- Sagging window headers
- Bricks separating from the frame
Repair Solutions
Brick Tech fixes this by:
- Removing damaged bricks
- Replacing corroded lintels
- Installing proper flashing
- Rebuilding the surrounding masonry
6. Water Infiltration & Leaking Walls
What It Is
Water intrusion is extremely common in older NYC buildings and can cause mold, structural decay, and freeze-thaw damage.
Common Entry Points
- Cracked masonry
- Open mortar joints
- Failed roof-to-wall connections
- Broken flashing
- Damaged parapet walls
Repair Solutions
Brick Tech performs:
- Full leak investigation
- Masonry crack repair
- Waterproof coatings
- Flashing repairs
- Parapet wall restoration
Fixing leaks early saves thousands in future repairs.
7. Parapet Wall Deterioration (Local Law 11 Concerns)
NYC buildings with parapet walls must comply with LL11 façade inspection laws. Common issues include:
- Loose coping stones
- Cracked capstones
- Missing mortar
- Bulging top rows
- Water infiltration
Brick Tech restores parapet walls to meet safety and compliance standards.
Why Choose Brick Tech Contracting Corp for Masonry Restoration in NYC?
Older masonry buildings require specialized care — and general contractors often overlook important structural and waterproofing details.
Brick Tech stands out because we:
- Work with historic and modern masonry systems
- Match bricks, colors & mortar for seamless repairs
- Offer full façade restoration & waterproofing
- Provide Local Law 11 compliant repairs
- Identify root causes, not just surface issues
- Deliver long-lasting, durable solutions
We help NYC property owners preserve structural integrity, improve safety, and enhance building appearance.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do NYC buildings have so many masonry issues?
New York City has harsh weather, pollution, and older building stock. Freeze-thaw cycles, heavy rain, and age all stress brick and mortar over time.
What is brick spalling?
Brick spalling is when a brick’s surface flakes, chips, or breaks off. It’s usually caused by water damage or freezing temperatures.
How often should commercial masonry be inspected?
Older NYC buildings should be inspected at least once a year, especially before winter. Buildings above 6 stories may also need façade inspections under Local Law 11.
What is tuckpointing?
Tuckpointing (repointing) is the process of removing damaged mortar and applying new mortar. This strengthens the wall and prevents water from getting inside.
Can damaged bricks be repaired or must they be replaced?
Small cracks can be sealed, but severely damaged or spalling bricks must be replaced to restore structural strength.
What are signs that my building needs masonry repairs?
Common warning signs include:
-Cracked or loose bricks
-Missing mortar
-White powder (efflorescence)
-Bulging or uneven walls
-Water stains or leaks inside
How long do masonry repairs usually take?
Most masonry repairs take 1–5 days, depending on the amount of damaged brick and the size of the building.
Does Brick Tech provide commercial brick and façade restoration?
Yes. Brick Tech Contracting Corp specializes in brick replacement, repointing, waterproofing, parapet wall repair, and full façade restoration throughout NYC.
Conclusion
NYC’s older commercial buildings need consistent care. Masonry problems only get worse over time, so early repair is the best way to protect your property. With proper maintenance and expert service, your building can stay strong for decades.
At Brick Tech Contracting Corp, we specialize in masonry repair, brick replacement, repointing, and commercial façade restoration across all five boroughs. Contact us today for a free inspection and expert guidance.
